Friday, August 26, 2022

Ben Nevis More Than Scottish

More than a Scottish name and the owner having Scottish heritage Ben Nevis is a fine example of the changing home architecture of Brisbane in the period leading up to the second world war. The decade of the 1930s was one of the more interesting periods of house design in Brisbane. The suburban growth of the 1920s fed into the next decade. Owing to the hilly nature of Brisbane and the requirement due to suburban growth suburban house blocks were in the main not on flat land. This caused an issue for new house owners and builders hence this is one of the contributing factors to the "house on stilts" design. The predominance of timber and tin and sameness of appearance led to the rise and prominence of the home architectural industry. It was names such as Griffin, Trewern, Lange, Rae, Conrad and many more who rose to prominence in this period. The newspapers of the day also published articles on home and garden design. It was a period of time in home architecture that was not reproduced after the second world war due to economic and material contraints. One could argue that it has taken to the 21st century to see an equivalent period in home design. Ben Nevis was designed and built at the end of this creative period in home design. I have provided articles from the newspapers of the Ben Nevis period to provide an understanding of this time period where the timber and tin or "Queenslander" was being upstaged by the home designs that we today call character homes. 

The Brisbane City Council Heritage Citation

This circa 1937 masonry home designed by Brisbane architect James Musgrave Collin is significant as an example of the Old English style of architecture popular in Brisbane during the Interwar period, particularly in the Clayfield/Ascot/Hamilton area. It demonstrates patterns of development in Clayfield during this period and has aesthetic significance. James Musgrave Collin was born in Brisbane in 1907 where he trained as an architect. He was employed by Atkinson, Powell and Conrad during the 1920s before establishing his own practice in 1933. From 1938 to 1954, he was in partnership with A. H. Job. J.M. Collin died in 1974. The Old English style became popular in Brisbane during the late 1920s and 1930s. These houses were often built for wealthy clients in Brisbane’s most fashionable suburbs such as Ascot, Hamilton, Clayfield and Coorparoo. The style, sometimes referred to as Mock Tudor or Stockbroker Tudor usually featured large chimneys, a steeply pitched roof and the combined use of stucco, brick and half timber. The house is built on land which was part of the grounds of Bayview, an imposing residence built in the 1920s for Thomas and Margaret Lahey which has since been demolished and replaced with high rise apartments. The Laheys, a prominent sawmilling family in Brisbane purchased over 2 acres in Christian Street in 1924. A strip of land to the south of the property was subdivided and sold in 1929. Some 61 perches of this subdivision was bought by Donald Charles Cameron in 1936. In December 1936, Cameron submitted plans to Council for the construction of a brick residence designed by J.M Collin at a cost of £2 350, a substantial sum at the time for a home. The builder was S. Noyes. Postal records reveal that the Camerons named their home Ben Nevis. Further research is required to establish the occupation of Donald Cameron. It is possible he was related to Sir Donald Charles Cameron, a Queensland soldier, pastoralist and politician who died in 1960. In 1966, the Camerons placed some 25 perches containing the house on a separate title. This is the same allotment surrounding the house today. Ben Nevis left the ownership of the Camerons in 1967 and in 1980 passed to the present owners. A contemporary brick and tile garage has been added to the site which is excluded from the heritage listing. 

Newspaper Articles About Ben Nevis 

Truth (Brisbane, Qld. : 1900 - 1954), Sunday 29 August 1937, page 28

Gracious, Artistic

"BEN NEVIS," the lovely new home of Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Cameron in Christian street, Clayfield, is the answer to the flat controversy in favor of the home. Externally and internally it is a gracious, well-planned and artistic home, where every feature has been considered from the points of beauty, utility, and labor saving. The type of architecture chosen by J. M. Collin, architect, is very Early English, with beams and piers of Shakespeare's day, and the solid doors, steep roof, and an ornamental chimney. The latter is one of the features and is treated with an external face of porphyry, broken brick and stone. The exterior walls are of texture brick in mottled design, and the entrance porch is constructed of beams and piers rough hewn from solid hard wood. The main door is a segmental head door of heavy oak surmounted by hammered-brass ornamental work and hinges. One large sun porch and a smaller one and two balconettcs give plenty of air and shade to bedrooms and living rooms and, with gay awnings and window-boxes, they present a picture in the spring, The roof is of mottled tiles and the garden path is of face-brick paving, as also is the floor of the entrance porch. Care has been taken to disguise the drying-ground as a trellised garden, and no lines show. The car approach also is from a back street, with ample room to turn. The interior decor of the home features panelling, oaken beams, texture wallpapers In harmonious colorings, polished floors and luxurious carpets. The panelling is executed in vertical sections eight inches wide, the timber being selected to accentuate the knots, which give a most unusual finish to the wood. Ceilings are treated with heavy oak beams and. brackets. The lounge leads off the entrance hall one one side; on the other are the diningroom, sun porch, breakfast room and offices. The four bedrooms and bathroom are accommodated up stairs. The entrance hall has a fine grandfather clock with chimes, and the tones of carpets and hangings are beire, brown and gold. The lounge fireplace is notable for the fine redwood shingles, stained variegated green. Breastwork is treated in porphyry, and the arched lintels are in terracotta tiled creasing.

Secret panel cupboards are in the entrance hall and a very handy niche is provided for a nightlight on the staircase. Another niche is provided for the refrigerator near the kitchen. The lounge furniture — chesterfields and deep chairs— follows the scheme of color in brown, beige and gold, and the hangings are of satin brocade in the same tones. The dining room suite is in fashion able Queen Anne style and of beautifully polished mahogany. The many windows of this charming room allow the light to play upon the surface of the woods. The kitchen is exceedingly dainty and utilitarian In a scheme of two beautiful blues. The room has two-thirds cup board space and the sink and draining-board and fittings are in stainless monometal. Along with the bedroom wing upstairs is a small sunny sewing-room with iron-point and all necessities for sewing. The largest bed room is a charming room in beige, brown and apricot dainty apricot curtains, floral carpet in beige and brown, and modern bedroom suite. This room opens upon a balcony. There are two double and two single bedrooms upstairs one with, a charming view across the racecourse. The bathroom has vitrolite walls, glass tiles, and beautiful green porcelain fittings.


Donald Charles Cameron

D. C. Cameron as he was always referred to by trade was a butcher. He rose to prominence in the meat trade and was typical of the wealthier merchant an dmanagerial class of Brisbane in the interwar period. Obviously with a position within Brisbane's commercial trade came wealth and he had the resources to have a home such as Ben Nevis built for his family. The position of Ben Nevis is also of note as it is stated in one of the articles reproduced in this blog as views of the river and racecourse were of note. There was a D. C. Cameron a well documented race horse owner at this time but I have no verification that this is the sane Donald Charles Cameron. The higher ridge of ground behind Ben Nevis contained two well known homes only one of which is still standing. Bayview the home of the Lahey family is gone but Tarranalma is still standing. At the back of Ben Nevis is Marsden Street and this was once the entrance to the Ben Nevis property. The Brisbane Heritage Register provides this information. The Marsden Street fence and gates of ‘Ben Nevis Lodge’ are the only remaining remnants of ‘Bayview’. The family home of timber merchants Tom and Meg Lahey, the grand residence with its elaborate fences and gate had been erected in 1923. It remained in Lahey ownership only for a short time, and had been sold to the Australian National Airways P/L by 1944. During WWII it was the residence of the British Trade Commissioner. By the late 1950s ‘Bayview’ had been converted to flats. New owners sought approvals for multiple dwelling units from as early as 1973 and the current development was finally approved in 1980.


Queensland Country Life (Qld. : 1900 - 1954), Thursday 3 May 1945, page 13


D. C. CAMERON RETIRES

Finding the strenuous life he has led since the war started beginning to affect his health, Mr. D. C. Cameron retired on April 30 from the position of general manager of Brisbane Wholesale Meat Pty. Ltd., and in future will devote his time to his private interests. Mr. Cameron, however, will continue for the time being to act as a director of the company. On Monday evening the staff of the company presented Mr. Cameron with an inscribed gold liunter watch (said to be the only gold watch in captivity in Brisbane!), stock whip, spurs, etc., and Mrs. Cameron was the recipient of a beautiful bedroom clock. Two other directors of the company  Messrs. B. Gissell, who arrived by plane from America, and Mr. A. S. Latta, of Sydney-attended the function.

Last week Mr. Cameron was the guest of honor at a dinner at Lennon's Hotel, arranged by the meat trade. All sections of the trade were represented, Mr. Jack Land, president of the Wholesale Meat Traders' Association, presiding. Those present included Messrs. E., F. Suncers (Deputy Meat Controller), E. H. Lindsey (Deputy Prices Commissioner), S. Cochran (late Deputy Director of Rationing), and Col. Flney (Commerce Dept.), when tributes were paid to Mr. Cameron's work on behalf of the trade generally during his 30 years' association with it.

Particular reference was made to his work on the Meat and Allied Trades Federation of Australia, of which he is a State past-president and senior vice-president of the Federal body, as representative of the Wholesale Meat Tradera' Association on the State Meat .Advisory Committee, and as chairman of directors of the master butchers' produce selling organisatjon. Mr. Cameron was presented with a travelling bag.

For many years Mr. Cameron was in partnership with Mr. James Anderson in the Valley, and they reputedly owned the largest cash meat business in Australia. About 15 yearo ago Mr. Cameron purchased his partner's share in the business, and developed it into a company known as the Brisbane Wholesale Meat Pty. Ltd. About five years later the business was acquired by Wilson Meats Ltd., London, with Mr. Cameron retaining management of the Brisbane subsidiary. 

Queensland Country Life (Qld. : 1900 - 1954), Thursday 5 February 1953, page 3


Meat Trade Authority Sets Abattoir A Problem

By D. C. Cameron

Mr. D.C. Cameron, Clayfield, Brisbane, well known meat trade authority, wants to know what steps are being taken to provide treatment facilities at Brisbane abattoir for the handling of fat stock if producers, aitd the seasons, make possible an increase of, say, 20 per cent, in the immediate future. He suggests that this and other points he raises should be the subject of an impartial inquiry.

Brisbane and the Architectural Home Prior to the Second World War

As I have previously said the decade leading up to the second world war was one of significance in Brisbane home design. The timber and tin construction, the sameness of appearance plus the abundance of home designs available from readicut companies such as Campbell and Sons and Brown and Broad produced a sameness to home design. The State Advance Bank (prior to the Housing Commission) produced catalogues of plans of homes that are now what we see as our timber character homes. Most were built as working class family homes. The following aricles provide an insight into "modern" architecture for the more discerning client. 

The Architectural Debate Timber and Tin Versus Well Designed Architectural Home

Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), Tuesday 10 January 1939, page 14


TWO STOREYS OR ONLY ONE  'THE TWO TYPES COMPARED' 

Dear Sir,

We are about to build a new home. There are just the two.of us, not long married, and we are prepared to spend about £1,300. We would like a two-storey home but »» nat ni nnr friends sav that two-storey houses are not convenient and that you do not get value for money in accommodation compared with the orthodox type of house. Will you try to help us ? 

That is not an extract from an actual letter, but it is typical of  several queries which have been asked during the past 12months. Whether to build in one or two storeys is a question which the average Queenslander seems, to find perplexing. Probably it is because, most of his friends own houses that have been built on the one-floor plan. The first thing to consider is the building site. This is the deciding factor in all home-making plans, but if the site is of say anything from 30 perches upwards and has a reasonable frontage to it then it is likely that most architects would recommend a home on the single floor plan. Architects generally are agreed that the single-floor plan is the ideal for Australian conditions of living.  As a rule the housewife is maid-of-all-work as well as hostess, and it is necessary to her happiness that her routine work should be minimised as much as possible. One of the most effecive ways of achieving this is to group the rooms in such a manner that her walking will be reduced, if she is planning a day in the kitchen, and some wives still do that, you know, it will save her a deal of time and worry if she can answer the front door bell simply by walking a few feet across a porch or through a corridor. But the common sense of the single-storey floor plan is defeated when the floor is hoisted several feet into the air by stilt-like stumps as has been the common practice in Queensland. Provided the building site is elevated and provides a fair outlook, there is no excuse for high stumps, and nothing looks nicer than a well-built home of single-storey set snugly on the ground with only a low plinth to give it the necessary ventilation. On the other hand while many builders have popularised the low-built home they have made a serious mistake in totally enclosing the underneath area of the house.



Ventilation is essential to the longevity of the flooring timber, otherwise the. space, beneath becomes a reservoir of 'foul' air which lends itself to disease, and it is only a matter of time before sections of the flooring will require to be renewed.  The man who buiids a home of single-floor plan on high stumps when the site itself is elevated and roomy is making, work for the household. If anyone ever bothered to keep a check on the matter it would probably be found that the average- Queensland housewife spends five years of her life walking down and climbing stairs, whereas two or three shallow steps would serve her purpose just as efficiently, and certainly with greater comfort and. safety. However if his client had a regular, building site no architect would lay down a hard and fast rule that only a single-floor plan should be built. In recent years the two-storey plan has become very popular in Brisbane. It lends itself to the picturesque in design and is certainly very suitable for this climate because the ground floor which accommodates the living room is always cool, having the advantage of the space occupied by the bedrooms as well as the roof area. 

WHAT is more important is the fact that the area of the two-storey home is only about half that of the single-floor type, and this is a decided advantage in those suburbs, where building sites are of limited size because of Council valuations and the popularity of the locality. Therefore a compact and comfortable home may be erected on a comparatively small allotment arid still allow plenty of breathing space around if for gardens and lawns. As to the convenience, of the two-storey home, this goes without saying. Usually the bedrooms are situated on the upper floor. Once the household is astir and the general tidying-up finished there is little need to return to the bedrooms again. And even if it is necessary to go upstairs occasionally the effort is no greater  than is used in the average Queensland home of orthodox design, because there are no more steps. Certainly the bedrooms are more private than in the two-storey home than they are in the design of only one floor, because in the latter they are usually situated near the front of the house, and it is this that led to the old custom of always taking visitors into the main bedroom. Actually the bedrooms are the most intimate rooms in a home, and it is right that their privacy, should be preserved. The two-storey plan generally provides accommodation near the entrance porch in which guests may make themselves comfortable and deposit hats and cloaks and entertaining is dignified and cosy. As to cost, there is very little difference. The two-storey plan usually costs a little more, but there are always ways in which sonic compensating arrangement may be made. Taking all things into account the average young couple who are building their first home can be assured that the two-storey plan will give them pleasure. Many will argue that this type is by far the more convenient, and it certainly provides scope for effective detail that frequently cannot be achieved in the single-floor plan.

Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954), Saturday 26 March 1938, page 10


Brisbane Building With More Artistry

By BURNETT NETTERFIELD

Last year Brisbane spent £1,066,458 on 1754 homes. The attainment of the million mark was the cause of general satisfaction in the building and allied trades and professions, because, not since the 'good old days' before the depression had this level been reached, but the total was not a record. In 1926 the expenditure on homes was £1,864,842.

Brisbane, however, is now building more artistically than in that boom year, and with more regard for climatic and social conditions. Those who wisely chose in the nadir of the depression to sink their savings into real estate, timber, bricks, arid mortar, found building contractors cutting prices to the bone in the hope of obtaining a contract and earning bare wages. The client with a few hundred pounds at his disposal was so able to dictate terms that, for the price of the cottage built unimaginatively, and in a rush, during 'the good old days' of high wages and high prices, he was able to build, relatively, a mansion. And it was distinguished by a freer expression of artistic ideas. The fortunate few with money to spend on new homes, finding that a pound went further than ever it had gone before, let their imagination go accordingly, and a new and most welcome spirit became manifest in Brisbane suburban building. Though building costs have since risen almost to pre-depression levels, generally there has, been no return to the stunted architectural ideas of a decade or so ago. The best new homes are bold in their conception, and, almost with abandon, people are now using colour which accords with the gaiety of Queensland sunshine. 

ARCHITECTURE tells more or less accurately, the. history of a people. In a search of the various suburbs of Brisbane the discerning eye sees 'period' written large and bold over types of settlement. There is the pioneer manor house that deserves to stand for all time There is the pioneer cottage that, mouldering in age ought to be pulled down. Then comes the conventional cottage representative of the first, two decades of this country, characterised chiefly by lack of plan.' Particularly during the post- war period, Brisbane suburban building slavishly followed a convention that dictated the exclusive use of wood and galvanised iron. Floor plan mattered not in the least provided everything was dead on the square and that a veranda — an alleged open space— was on at least two or three sides. The veranda, of course, ceased to be an open space, and was blinded or louvred-in when, inevitably, the family found the glare and the wind and the driving rain unbearable. As a concession to art, the front of a house was adorned with a gable, or, if funds permitted, two of them meaninglessly reared their heads. In the good old days, time was so much the essence of a contract that nobody planned for comfort, convenience or climate. So the depression was for the good if the fortunate few, with money in their pockets and courage in their breasts, had time to reflect and break with tradition. Hitherto loyalty to a local and national industry had forbidden the use of anything but timber as a chief building constituent. While the community showed no desire completely, to foresake an old and trusty friend, represented by timber, homebuilders of a sudden decided to admit more generally other building materials to equal rank and thus timber has been used in association with bricks and mortar, cement, asbestos cement, fibrous plaster, composition building board, structural glass and tiles. Like timber, for walls and floors, galvanised iron had heretofore been used almost exclusively as a roofing material, but within a year it had to take its chance in competition with glazed and varigated coloured tiles and asbestos-cement sheeting. Not only did building materials change, but mode of building also. Fresh inspiration was sought from far-off countries and times from Mediterranean shores and California, from Elizabethan and Georgean England, and from Continental countries of modern times that itrcamline their houses as well as their cars and planes. For the creation of new forms of art in the suburbs in recent times, Brisbane has much for which it must thank its young architects, many of whom, soon after qualifying, fortified their own ideas by inspiration derived from 'grand tours' abroad. Returning to Queensland, soused in the artistic ideas of times md places foreign to their fellow citizens, they attempted, not to transplant exotics, but to adapt architectural growths to local climatic and social conditions. No typically Australian style of domestic architecture has yet been evolved, nor do architects hold out any hope of anything satisfactory being evolved. In seeking our architectural inspiration from abroad and in the pages of history we would appear to be making a better job of things than by relying on our own inventiveness. By adaptation of others' ideas some day we may produce something typically Australian.


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